No ke aha e lilo ai nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa i nā motika hoʻokele nui?
Hiki i ka motika uila ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila i ikehu mechanical, a hoʻoili i ka ikehu mechanical i nā huila ma o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili e hoʻokele i ke kaʻa. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele koʻikoʻi o nā kaʻa ikehu hou. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā motika hoʻokele i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kaʻa ikehu hou he mau motika synchronous magnet mau loa a me nā motika asynchronous AC. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa ikehu hou i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa. ʻO nā ʻoihana kaʻa ʻelele e komo pū me BYD, Li Auto, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana kekahi mau kaʻa i nā motika asynchronous AC. Hōʻike nā motika uila i nā ʻoihana kaʻa e like me Tesla lāua ʻo Mercedes-Benz.
ʻO ka motika asynchronous ka mea nui i haku ʻia me kahi stator paʻa a me kahi rotor wili. Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka wili stator i ka lako mana AC, e wili ka rotor a hoʻopuka i ka mana. ʻO ke kumu nui, i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ʻia ai ka wili stator (alternating current), e hana ia i kahi kahua electromagnetic wili, a ʻo ka wili rotor he alakaʻi pani e ʻoki mau ana i nā laina induction magnetic o ka stator i loko o ke kahua magnetic wili o ka stator. Wahi a ke kānāwai o Faraday, i ka wā e ʻoki ai kahi alakaʻi pani i ka laina induction magnetic, e hana ʻia kahi au, a e hana ke au i kahi kahua electromagnetic. I kēia manawa, aia ʻelua mau kahua electromagnetic: ʻo kekahi ke kahua electromagnetic stator i hoʻopili ʻia i ke au alternating waho, a ʻo kekahi i hana ʻia ma ka ʻoki ʻana i ka laina induction electromagnetic stator. Kahua electromagnetic Rotor. Wahi a ke kānāwai o Lenz, e kūʻē mau ke au i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kumu o ke au i hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻāʻo e pale i nā alakaʻi ma ka rotor mai ka ʻoki ʻana i nā laina induction magnetic o ke kahua magnetic wili o ka stator. ʻO ka hopena: e "hopu" nā alakaʻi ma ka rotor me ka stator. ʻO ke kahua electromagnetic wili ʻo ia hoʻi ke alualu nei ka rotor i ke kahua magnetic wili o ka stator, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ka motika e wili. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole i kūlike ka wikiwiki o ka wili o ka rotor (n2) a me ka wikiwiki o ka wili o ka stator (n1) (ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka wikiwiki ma kahi o 2-6%). No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he motika AC asynchronous. Ma ke ʻano ʻē, inā like ka wikiwiki o ka wili, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he motika synchronous.
ʻO ke kaʻa synchronous magnet mau loa kekahi ʻano o ke kaʻa AC. Hana ʻia kona rotor i ke kila me nā magnet mau loa. Ke hana nei ke kaʻa, hoʻoikaika ʻia ka stator e hana i kahi kahua magnetic wili e hoʻokuke i ka rotor e wili. ʻO ke ʻano o ka "Synchronization" ʻo ia ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka rotor i ka wā o ka hana paʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki o ke kahua magnetic. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ratio mana-a-kaumaha o nā kaʻa synchronous magnet mau loa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka torque output, a he palena wikiwiki maikaʻi loa a me ka hana braking. No laila, ua lilo nā kaʻa synchronous magnet mau loa i kaʻa uila i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ka mea magnet mau loa i ka haʻalulu, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke au overload, hiki ke emi iho kona permeability magnetic, a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka demagnetization, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hana o ke kaʻa magnet mau loa. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nā kaʻa synchronous magnet mau loa honua kakaʻikahi i nā mea honua kakaʻikahi, a ʻaʻole paʻa ke kumukūʻai hana.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa, pono nā motika asynchronous e omo i ka ikehu uila no ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka wā e hana ana, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ka ikehu uila a hōʻemi i ka pono o ka motika. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā motika magnet mau loa ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā magnet mau loa.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e koho ana i nā motika asynchronous AC e hāʻawi i ka mea nui i ka hana a hoʻohana i ka hopena hana a me nā pono kūpono o nā motika asynchronous AC i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻo ia ka Model S mua. Nā hiʻohiʻona nui: Ke holo nei ke kaʻa i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka hana wikiwiki a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka ikehu uila, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu me ka mālama ʻana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa;
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e koho ana i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a hoʻohana i ka hopena hana a me ka hana pono o nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa i nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa, e kūpono ai no nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi a me waena. ʻO kona mau ʻano he liʻiliʻi ka nui, ka māmā, a me ke ola pākaukau lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia ka hana hoʻoponopono wikiwiki maikaʻi a hiki ke mālama i ka pono kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e kū ai i nā hoʻomaka hou, nā kū, nā wikiwiki a me nā decelerations.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa. Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka "New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā motika hoʻokele kaʻa ikehu hou mai Ianuali a ʻAukake 2022 ma kahi o 3.478 miliona mau ʻāpana, he piʻi makahiki-ma-makahiki o 101%. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa he 3.329 miliona mau ʻāpana, he piʻi makahiki-ma-makahiki o 106%; ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā motika asynchronous AC he 1.295 miliona mau ʻāpana, he piʻi makahiki-ma-makahiki o 22%.
Ua lilo nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa i nā motika hoʻokele nui ma ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe.
Ma muli o ke koho ʻana o nā motika no nā hiʻohiʻona nui ma ka home a me waho, ʻo nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka SAIC Motor kūloko, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, BAIC Motor, Denza Motors, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa ma Kina. ʻO ka mea mua, no ka mea, he hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa a me ka pono hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe, kūpono loa no nā kūlana hana paʻakikī me nā hoʻomaka pinepine a me nā kū ʻana i ke kaʻa kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka lua, ma muli o nā magnet mau loa neodymium iron boron i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa. Pono nā mea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai honua laha ʻole, a he 70% o nā kumuwaiwai honua laha ʻole o koʻu ʻāina, a ʻo ka huina o nā mea magnetic NdFeB e hiki aku i 80% o ka honua, no laila makemake nui ʻo Kina i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa.
Hoʻohana ʻo Tesla a me BMW haole i nā motika synchronous magnet mau loa a me nā motika asynchronous AC e hoʻomohala pū. Mai ka manaʻo o ke ʻano noi, ʻo ka motika synchronous magnet mau loa ke koho nui no nā kaʻa ikehu hou.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea makeneka mau loa e pili ana i kahi 30% o ke kumukūʻai o nā motika synchronous makeneka mau loa. ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā motika synchronous makeneka mau loa e pili ana i ka neodymium iron boron, nā pepa kila silicon, ke keleawe a me ka alumini. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea makeneka mau loa neodymium iron boron e hana i nā makeneka mau rotor, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 30%; hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pepa kila silicon e hana i nā mea i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ke kumu rotor ma kahi o 20%; ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka wili stator ma kahi o 15%; ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ke koʻokoʻo motika ma kahi o 5%; a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka pūpū motika ma kahi o 15%.
No ke aha lāNā mīkini makeneka paʻa OSG wili ea compressorʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
ʻO ka motika synchronous magnet mau loa ka mea nui i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana stator, rotor a me ka pūpū. E like me nā motika AC maʻamau, loaʻa i ka stator core kahi ʻano laminated e hōʻemi i ka nalowale hao ma muli o ke au eddy a me nā hopena hysteresis i ka wā e holo ana ka motika; ʻo nā wili he mau ʻano symmetrical ʻekolu-phase hoʻi, akā ʻokoʻa loa ke koho ʻana o ka parameter. Loaʻa i ka ʻāpana rotor nā ʻano like ʻole, me kahi rotor magnet mau loa me kahi pā squirrel hoʻomaka, a me kahi rotor magnet mau loa i hoʻokomo ʻia a i ʻole i kau ʻia ma luna. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka rotor core i hale paʻa a i ʻole laminated. Ua lako ka rotor me ka mea magnet mau loa, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo magnet.
Ma lalo o ka hana maʻamau o ka motika magnet mau loa, aia nā kahua magnetic rotor a me stator i kahi kūlana synchronous. ʻAʻohe au i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana rotor, a ʻaʻohe pohō keleawe rotor, hysteresis, a i ʻole pohō eddy current. ʻAʻohe pono e noʻonoʻo i ka pilikia o ka pohō rotor a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia ka motika magnet mau loa e kahi mea hoʻololi alapine kūikawā a he hana hoʻomaka palupalu maoli nō. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka motika magnet mau loa he motika synchronous, nona ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mana mana ma o ka ikaika o ka hoʻonāukiuki, no laila hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia ka mana mana i kahi waiwai i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻike, ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka motika magnet mau loa e kahi lako mana alapine loli a i ʻole kahi inverter kākoʻo, ua maʻalahi loa ke kaʻina hoʻomaka o ka motika magnet mau loa; ua like ia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi motika alapine loli, a pale aku i nā hemahema hoʻomaka o nā motika asynchronous hale maʻamau.
I ka pōkole, hiki i ka pono a me ka mana o nā motika magnet mau loa ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, maʻalahi loa ke ʻano, a ua wela loa ka mākeke i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nalowale o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻonāukiuki he pilikia hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia i nā motika magnet mau. Ke nui loa ke au a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mahana, e piʻi koke ka mahana o nā wili motika, e piʻi nui ke au, a e nalowale koke nā magnet mau i ka hoʻonāukiuki. I ka mana o ka motika magnet mau, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi mea pale over-current e pale aku i ka pilikia o ka puhi ʻia ʻana o ka wili stator motika, akā ʻo ka hopena o ka nalowale o ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka pani ʻana o nā lako he mea hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-12-2023
